The EU’S high energy dependency undermines its competitiveness against rivals with lower energy prices. Gas prices show the most significant disparity, which is critical since gas is required for energy-intensive industries—such as petrochemicals, chemicals, fertilizers, or steel—and is a necessary fuel for heating homes and buildings. Faced with rising electricity demand and challenges slowing the transition to renewables, many states and private companies—primarily tech giants—are focusing on nuclear energy for energy security, grid stability, and its roleas a zero-CO2 emission technology .

The recent “energy zero” episode in Spain highlights the need to reinforce energy supply, which may conflict with decarbonization goals. Therefore, it is vital to advance climate change mitigation while ensuring economic activity and growth are not limited by a lack of energy guarantees